Local anesthesia exerts its work through blocking of neuronal membrane sodium Na channels. Almost all local anesthesia are weak bases therefore they must deprotonated to its non charged form to pass through the cell membrane. In the cytoplasm they are pro

Action potential of cardial muscles (myyocytes) pass through four different phases; phase 0,1,2,3 and 4. It starts with rapid depolarization in phase 1, followed by rapid but short repolarization, then plateau in phase 2, which followed by rapid repolariz